cigarette smoking and peptic ulcer disease International Journal of Molecular Medicine ✓ Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) involves painful sores (ulcers) in the stomach lining (gastric) or upper small intestine (duodenal), primarily caused by H. pylori bacteria or long term use of NSAID pain relievers The New York Times > Health > Image > Tobacco Health Risks Peptic Ulcer Disease: Points to Remember Peptic Ulcers: Causes, Risk Factors, Symptoms, Treatment
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