intracellular glutathione metabolism and Its Implications for Health Glutathione Dynamics in Subcellular Compartments

The acidic microenvironment impairs the production of chondrocyte matrix and may increase cartilage deterioration in OA (50), indicating that PK might play a key function in OA progression and could be an essential target to reverse OA pathogenesis

As their classification suggests, the side chains tend to be repelled from water, so this impacts the positioning of these amino acids in the protein tertiary structure

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1602235 Received 29 March 2025 Accepted 19 May 2025 Published 04 June 2025 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Yali Zheng, Xiamen University, China Reviewed by Hong Yu, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Jiaxin Ma, Xiamen University, China Updates Copyright 2025 Habiballah, Li and Jiang

[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 41.Damodaran T., Chear N.J.Y., Murugaiyah V., Mordi M.N., Ramanathan S