PHASE II DRUG METABOLISM: Glucuronidation and SulfationGeneral properties of Phase II metabolismIntroduction to glucuronidationSubstrates for UGTsUGT structureProperties of glucuronidesMethods to characterize glucuronidesDisposition and reactions of glucuronidesUGT pharmacogenetics, polymorphism, variabilitySulfotransferasesN-Acetylation, Aminoacid conjugation, Glutathione conjugationSmith, Phase II Metabolism, UNC Chapel Hill, 8/2012 1 Conjugation Reactions Some DefinitionsGlucuronidation conjugation is the addition of a molecule to the drug or xenobioticGSH conjugation GSH = glutathione (a tripeptide derivative)Sulfate conjugationAmino acid conjugation Some confusing terminology, both related to drugs:Acetylation Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3 are designations used in theMethylation sequence of drug development and evaluation by FDA in the US
Responses to extremely frequent and nearby jet aircraft were often minimal and never associated with reproductive failure
High-fat-induced and genetically obese rodents exhibited hepatic insulin resistance and elevated hepatic DAG contents [103,104], and hepatocytes treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, a DAG analog) exhibited impaired IRTK tyrosine kinase activity and insulin-stimulated GYS activity [105]
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