homocysteine to glutathione Reduction: Causes & Treatments Signaling Pathways of Hyperhomocystenemia and

Furthermore, HIF-1 was shown to increase the expression of RAB20 that promotes GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane and to negatively regulate TXNIP expression to promote AKT downstream signalling 183

Exogenous antioxidants Many polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids, isoflavones, flavones, anthocyanins, coumarins, lignans, catechins, isocatechins, epicatechins, and phenolic acids have gained importance as antioxidant drugs [16]

For example, chemically increasing barrier permeability in young (5 week old) growing mice causes reduced bone density and stunted growth compared to control mice [62]

The tested animals that were listed in the patent include rats, mice, rabbits, guinea pigs and pigs, as well as a single study in humans