nitric oxide release glutathione S-glutathionylation of endothelial synthase (eNOS) Schematic metabolic pathways of nitric

B12 injections play a key role in maintaining energy levels, supporting proper nerve function, and promoting the production of healthy red blood cells

By pumping the accumulated, unbound cytosolic catecholamines backward across the plasma membrane and safely into the extracellular synaptic space, the neuron is able to maintain its free cytoplasmic neurotransmitter levels below toxic thresholds , directly protecting itself from oxidative cell death and preserving neuronal viability (Underhill et al., 2021)

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032094

Cancer Metastasis Rev 44(1):36 Nabakhteh S et al (2025) Nutritional interventions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: from ketogenic diet and neuroprotective nutrients to the microbiota-gut-brain axis regulation