penn state e cigarette dependence index Using the Nicotine (possible range 0–20), #ecig dependence increased slightly through Week 4 and then declined. At all timepoints, ecig dependence was significantly lower than combustible dependence Yes, We Should Be Concerned
Yes, We Should Be Concerned About the Health Effects of Vaping E Cigarette Dependence and Depressive Symptoms Among Youth American Journal of Preventive Medicine Associations between vaping and daily cigarette consumption among individuals with psychological distress Development and initial validation of a new self report measure to assess perceived dependence on tobacco and nicotine products Scientific Reports
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