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Enzyme-Inhibitor Peptides: These peptides work by inhibiting the activity of enzymes that can break down important skin components like collagen

Mouse experiments have shown that knockdown of Bnc1 leads to downregulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB)/silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1)/Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3) signaling, which in turn leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, elevated ROS production, and increased expression of cytochrome c (Cyt-c), resulting in spermatogonial apoptosis and the failure of sperm production [88]

Chiang CL, Chan KSK, Li H, Ng WT, Chow JCH, Choi HCW, et al

Wang Y, Kuca K, You L, Nepovimova E, Heger Z, Valko M, Adam V, Wu Q, Jomova K (2024) The role of cellular senescence in neurodegenerative diseases