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Abbreviations ADH: Alcohol dehydrogenase AGE-adduct: Advanced glycation end product adduct ALD: Alcohol-associated liver disease AJ: Adherens junction AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase ALDH2: Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 APAP: Acetaminophen ARE: Antioxidant response element AUD: Alcohol use disorder CAT: Catalase CYP2E1: Ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450-2E1 DAMP: Danger-associated molecular pattern DILI: Drug-induced liver injury ER: Endoplasmic reticulum ETC: Electron transport chain FFA: Free fatty acid FLD: Fatty liver disease GPx: Glutathione peroxidase GR: Glutathione reductase GSH: Reduced glutathione GSSG: Oxidized glutathione HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma HBV: Hepatitis B virus HCV: Hepatitis C virus HFD: Western-style high-fat diet 4-HNE: 4-hydroxynonenal HSC: Hepatic stellate cells INAH: Isoniazid JNK: C-Jun N-terminal protein kinase Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein KO: Knockout LPO: Lipid peroxidation product LPS: Lipopolysaccharide MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase MASH: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease MDA: Malondialdehyde MDMA: 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine MEOS: Microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system NF-B: Nuclear factor-B NO: Nitric oxide NOX: NADPH-oxidase Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor PARP: Poly ADP-ribose polymerase PGC-1: Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor- coactivator-1 PPAR-: Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor- PTMs: Post-translational modifications RNS: Reactive nitrogen species ROS: Reactive oxygen species -SMA: -Smooth muscle actin SOD: Superoxide dismutase SREBP-1: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 TAA: Thioacetamide TAFLD: Toxicant-associated fatty liver disease TG: Triglyceride TGF-: Transforming growth factor- TJ: Tight junction TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4 TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor- SIRT1: NAD + -dependent deacetylase Sirtuin 1 VIM: Vimentin References Naviaux RK (2012) Oxidative shielding or oxidative stress

Apo E4 is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimers disease and an increased risk of atherosclerosis

Note that volume is only for preparing stock solutions

Knowles LG, Armanious AJ, Peng Y, Welsh WJ, James MH